According to official statistics, net migration to the United Kingdom reached a record high of approximately one million people between June 2022 and June 2023 — nearly four times the level recorded in 2019. Although the figure declined to 728,000 between June 2023 and June 2024, public services, according to Prime Minister Keir Starmer, remain under significant strain, and housing costs continue to rise. In response to these developments, the UK government has announced a comprehensive immigration policy reform aimed at reducing overall migration, strengthening border control, and prioritizing national interests within the domestic labor market.
During a press conference held ahead of the publication of the forthcoming white paper — a formal document outlining the intended policy changes — Prime Minister Starmer emphasized that residing in the UK should be regarded as a privilege rather than an automatic right. He noted that, for many years, the immigration system incentivized the recruitment of cheap foreign labor at the expense of investment in domestic human capital, describing this model as outdated and ineffective.
Key Provisions of the Reform
- Extension of the Minimum Residence Period for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)
Under the new framework, the minimum legal residence period required to apply for ILR will be extended from five to ten years. Exceptions will be granted only to individuals who can demonstrate a significant contribution to the UK’s economy or civic life. - Amendments to the Skilled Worker Visa Scheme
A major change will involve requiring applicants to possess a university degree in order to qualify for a Skilled Worker visa. Additionally, the minimum salary threshold will be raised to £38,700 per year. - Accelerated Naturalisation for High-Demand Professions
In an effort to attract highly qualified professionals, a fast-track naturalisation process will be introduced for individuals in medicine, engineering, IT, and other critical sectors. These migrants must demonstrate a sustained and meaningful contribution to the UK’s development. - Stricter Language Proficiency Requirements
All migrants, including adult dependents, will be required to demonstrate a basic level of English language proficiency. This measure is intended to enhance integration, reduce the risk of exploitation, and improve employment prospects. - Restrictions on Temporary Visa Routes
Access to permanent residency will no longer be available via temporary visa pathways. Criteria for all categories of migration — including employment, education, and family reunification — will be significantly tightened. - Termination of Overseas Recruitment in the Care Sector
Home Secretary Yvette Cooper confirmed that, effective 13 May 2025, the government will cease issuing visas to foreign workers employed in the UK’s social care sector. This decision stems from widespread abuses including exploitation and debt bondage associated with unethical employment practices. - Reduction of Post-Graduate Visa Validity
The validity period of post-graduate visas for university graduates will be shortened from two years to 1.5 years. This adjustment aims to better align educational migration with the actual needs of the labor market.
When asked about the potential introduction of migration quotas, the Prime Minister responded negatively, citing the failure of similar approaches over the past decade. Instead, the focus will shift toward qualitative criteria and institutional filters.
The white paper detailing these reforms is expected to be introduced in Parliament on 12 May 2025. Implementation of most provisions will require amendments to primary legislation, suggesting that the practical enforcement of the new measures will not commence before 2026, according to the BBC.